In Part 1, we broke down why website security is no longer optional — it’s business survival. In this second part, we’re shifting from theory to action. If you’re building a new website, managing an e-commerce store, or running a mobile app development company, these practical steps will help you strengthen website security without slowing down your projects.

 

This guide focuses on software development – more specifically app development services, web development, and web application security — so you can protect both your websites and apps from modern cyber threats.

 

 

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1. Strong Authentication and Access Control

 

Weak authentication remains the easiest way attackers break into websites and apps. One compromised password can undo months of development.

 

Best Practices

 

• Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
  Always require MFA for admin accounts. A simple SMS or app-based code adds a strong layer of protection.
   
• Limit Access Privileges
  Apply the principle of least privilege. Developers don’t need production database access unless it’s their role.
   
• Secure Session Management
  Use short session timeouts for admin areas. Store tokens securely in HttpOnly cookies.
   

 

Example Code: Secure Cookie in Express.js

 

 

const session = require('express-session');

const RedisStore = require('connect-redis').default; // or connect-mongo

const redis = require('redis');

 

const redisClient = redis.createClient({ url: process.env.REDIS_URL });

await redisClient.connect();

 

app.set('trust proxy', 1); // needed if behind proxy/load balancer

 

app.use(session({

  store: new RedisStore({ client: redisClient }),

  name: 'sid',

  secret: process.env.SESSION_SECRET,

  resave: false,

  saveUninitialized: false,

  cookie: {

    httpOnly: true,

    secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production', // requires HTTPS

    sameSite: 'lax', // 'strict' only if redirects/SSO aren’t needed

    maxAge: 1000 * 60 * 60 * 2 // 2 hours

  }

}));

 

 

Use a proper session store (Redis/Mongo). 

 

This prevents attackers from stealing authentication tokens via JavaScript injection.

 

📖 Reference: OWASP Authentication Cheat Sheet

 

 

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2. Enforce HTTPS Everywhere

 

Running a site without HTTPS is like sending passwords through a postcard. Yet many small businesses still skip SSL/TLS.

 

Best Practices

 

• Get a free SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt.
   
• Redirect all traffic from http:// to https://.
   
• Regularly renew and test your certificates.
   

 

Example Apache Config

 

<VirtualHost *:80>

  ServerName example.com

  ServerAlias www.example.com

  Redirect permanent / https://example.com/

</VirtualHost>

 

This prevents insecure requests from leaking through.

 

📖 Reference: OWASP Transport Layer Security Cheat Sheet

 

For app development services that process payments or user data, HTTPS is non-negotiable.

 

 

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3. Security Headers

 

HTTP Security Headers add another line of defense at the browser level.

 

Recommended Headers

 

• Content-Security-Policy → Stops XSS by restricting where scripts load from.
   
• X-Frame-Options → Prevents clickjacking.
   
• Strict-Transport-Security → Forces HTTPS connections.
   

 

Example Nginx Config

 

add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;

add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;

add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;

add_header Permissions-Policy "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()" always;

add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'; frame-ancestors 'self'" always;

 

 

Add CSP, Referrer-Policy, and Permissions-Policy. Adds higher browser-level defense.

 

📖 Reference: Mozilla HTTP Observatory (free tool to test your headers).

 

 

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4. Keep Software Updated

 

Unpatched frameworks, plugins, and libraries are a hacker’s best friend. They are a common website security risk, especially for startups using CMS platforms.

 

• Always update your CMS (WordPress, Drupal, Magento).
   
• Keep dependencies up to date with npm audit, pip-audit, or similar tools.
   
•  Remove unused plugins or packages to cut the attack surface.
   

 

For custom web application development, this means automating dependency checks in your CI/CD pipeline.

 

At Valueans our ReOps code library let's us access tried and tested code elements. No need to rewrite redundant functions, we just pull them out from a secure repository. It reduces human error and reduces time to market. Every product benefits from improvements made in previous projects.  

 

 

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5. Secure Databases

 

A poorly configured database can expose your entire system.

 

Best Practices

 

• Disable public access to production databases.
   
• Use strong passwords and rotate them regularly.
   
• Encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit.
   

 

Example: Encrypt Data with AES in Python 

 

from Crypto.Cipher import AES

from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes

from Crypto.Protocol.KDF import PBKDF2

import base64, os

 

password = os.environ["DB_ENC_PASSWORD"]  # from secrets manager

salt = get_random_bytes(16)

key = PBKDF2(password, salt, dkLen=32, count=200_000)  # derive 256-bit key

 

cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX)

ciphertext, tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(b"Sensitive data")

 

# Store salt, nonce, tag, and ciphertext

record = {

  "salt": base64.b64encode(salt).decode(),

  "nonce": base64.b64encode(cipher.nonce).decode(),

  "tag": base64.b64encode(tag).decode(),

  "ct": base64.b64encode(ciphertext).decode()

}

 

 

📖 Reference: NIST Block Cipher Modes of Operation

 

 

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6. Application-Level Security

 

Web application security is not just about firewalls — it’s how you write code.

 

• Validate inputs on both client and server side.
   
• Sanitize user input to prevent SQL Injection and XSS.
   
• Implement rate limiting on login and API endpoints.
   

 

Using our ReOps strategy, we can reuse code elements for critical funtions like encryption and API calls. We cut down on vulnerabilities by reusing components in web development as well as app development projects. Proven building blocks stored in a massive library. Get your apps delivered 3X faster.

 

Example: Parameterized Query in Node.js (MySQL)

 

import mysql from 'mysql2/promise';

 

const pool = mysql.createPool({ uri: process.env.DATABASE_URL });

 

const [rows] = await pool.execute(

  "SELECT id, email FROM users WHERE email = ? LIMIT 1",

  [email]

);

 

 

 📖 Reference: OWASP SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet

 

Never link user input directly into SQL queries. For projects that involve progressive web apps (PWAs) or interactive web platforms, these practices are non-negotiable.

 

 

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7. Secure APIs

 

With mobile app development growing, APIs are often the biggest attack surface.

 

Best Practices

 

• Authenticate APIs with OAuth 2.0 or JWT.
   
• Rate-limit requests to prevent brute force attacks.
   
• Don’t expose sensitive data in error messages.
   

 

📖 Reference: OWASP API Security Top 10

 

 

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8. Backups and Disaster Recovery

 

Even the best web application security can fail — so prepare for the worst.

 

• Automate daily backups of databases and files.
   
• Store backups in a separate environment (not on the same server).
   
• Test recovery to confirm backups actually work.
   

 

 

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9. Monitoring and Logging

 

Security doesn’t stop at deployment. You need constant visibility.

 

• Enable logging for login attempts, admin actions, and system errors.
   
• Use monitoring tools to detect unusual activity (failed logins, traffic spikes).
   
• For enterprise web development services, integrate with a SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system.
   

 

📖 Reference: OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet

 

 

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10. Regular Penetration Testing

 

Hackers evolve — so your defenses must too.

 

• Schedule penetration tests at least once a year.
   
• Run vulnerability scans before major releases.
   
• Consider bug bounty programs for larger platforms.
   

 

For businesses hiring a mobile app development company, demand security testing in contracts. Regular testing should be a part of the app development cycle. 

 

 

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Wrapping Up Part 2

 

Security is not one-and-done. It’s an ongoing process built into every stage of web development and app development services. From authentication to monitoring, each layer reduces your risk and builds trust with users.

 

In Part 3 of this series, we’ll look at future-proofing strategies: compliance standards like PCI DSS, building secure architectures, monitoring in real time, and preparing for emerging threats.